The verb “to be”
Practise the forms of съм, simple statements and negatives.
Day 5: The Verb “To Be” →Grammar reference · Lesson routes
Find your next Bulgarian grammar lesson
Start with short present-tense sentences, noun gender and articles. Then add past and future tenses before tackling aspect and more complex sentences. This guide connects each topic to the matching BG60Day lesson, with explanations, examples, audio and a quiz.
Start with reading and a small vocabulary
If Cyrillic is new to you, begin with the Bulgarian alphabet guide and Day 1. You do not need fast reading before starting grammar, but recognising the letters helps you use the examples and audio together.
New learners can follow the full course in order. If you are returning to a particular topic, use the routes below and revisit an earlier lesson whenever the examples feel unfamiliar.
Build your first sentences
Noun gender and articles
Recognise masculine, feminine and neuter nouns, then learn how Bulgarian attaches “the” to a word.
Day 6: Gender & the Definite Article →This, that and descriptions
Use demonstratives in Day 7, then match colours and adjectives to nouns.
Day 10: Colours & Adjectives →Present-tense verbs
Build sentences about actions and routines. Use the lesson tables and audio to practise verb forms.
Day 12: Basic Verbs — Present Tense →Negatives and questions
Practise negative sentences, the question particle ли and common question words.
Day 13: Negation & Questions →Check the foundations
Review the first fifteen lessons and use the checkpoint feedback to choose what needs another pass.
Day 15: A1 Checkpoint →Add time, then compare aspect
- Day 23: The Past Tense — Aorist. Start with the course’s lesson on completed past actions and common past-tense forms.
- Day 24: The Future Tense. Use future forms to talk about plans and intentions.
- Day 36: The Imperfect Past Tense. Compare ongoing, repeated or habitual past situations with the aorist.
- Day 45: Advanced Verb Aspects. Explore perfective and imperfective verb pairs after you are comfortable with the earlier tense lessons.
Keep the tense and aspect lessons linked in your notes. When you meet a new example, ask what time it refers to and how the action is being presented, then compare the lesson’s explanations.
Work towards longer sentences
- Day 37: Reported Speech — practise reporting what someone said.
- Day 38: Conditionals & Wishes — explore real and hypothetical situations.
- Day 39: Advanced Comparatives — extend the adjective comparisons introduced earlier.
- Day 40: The Passive Voice — study constructions that focus on what happens or is done.
- Day 46: Relative Clauses — connect ideas and add information about people and things.
These later topics build on the foundations. If verb forms or noun agreement keep interrupting your reading, return to the relevant earlier lesson before taking on several new structures at once.
A routine for using the rules
Read one explanation, listen to its examples, then close the notes and write a few sentences of your own. Reopen the lesson to check the forms. Finish with its quiz and record one mistake to revisit in your next session.
Day 53: Grammar Revision brings the later grammar topics together. The Days 6–10 review covers gender, articles, demonstratives, numbers and descriptions; the Days 11–15 review covers family, present tense, negatives, places and the A1 checkpoint.
A quiz score is a useful practice signal. To develop usable language, also read, listen, write and speak. The learning guide explains how to fit these activities into your study.