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HomeDay 15 › Day 16

A2 — Pre-intermediateDay 16 of 60

Food Words
& Dishes

Welcome to A2. Food vocabulary is among the most useful Bulgarian you will ever learn — essential for shopping, restaurants, markets and everyday conversation.

📅 Day 16⏳ ~60 minutes🎤 Audio on every section✅ Quiz at the end
🔊 Speed:
🏆
You have completed A1 — welcome to A2 Tap to see your progress and what comes next
Progress
15Days completed
1000+Words introduced
7Grammar rules mastered
A1CEFR level reached

In 15 days you have learned the entire Cyrillic alphabet, the verb to be, present-tense conjugation for two verb groups, noun gender and definite articles, adjective agreement, numbers to 1,000, time, days and months, 30+ city locations, prepositions, negation, question words — and passed an A1 mock test. That is a genuine foundation. A2 (Days 16–35) takes everything you know and adds past tense, future tense, restaurant and shopping language, travel vocabulary, and the grammar patterns tested directly in the Bulgarian citizenship exam. You are on track. Keep going.

🍽️ Setting the scene — eating your way through Bulgaria

Food is central to Bulgarian life in a way that surprises most newcomers. Markets overflow with tomatoes that actually taste like tomatoes. Every grandmother has a баница recipe she insists is the best. A simple lunch of шопска салата, кебапче, and a cold бира costs a fraction of what you'd pay in Western Europe — and tastes better. You'll need food vocabulary from your first day: at the market, at a restaurant, ordering coffee, buying баница from a street bakery. Today gives you everything from vegetables to ракия, with five complete restaurant dialogues to practise.

Section 1

Vegetables & fruit — market essentials

Every item with individual audio — tap any word to hear it. These appear in every shop, market and recipe.

Bulgaria has outstanding fresh produce — especially tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. These words will come up at the пазар (market), in the supermarket, and in every cooking conversation.

Vegetables — зеленчуци

🍅
доматdomattomatothe shopska staple
🥑
краставицаkrastavitsacucumberin every salad
🥔
картофkartofpotatoпържени картофи = chips
🥥
лукlukonionM gender
🧄
чесънchesungarlicused in most dishes
🥕
морковmorkovcarrotM gender
🥦
зелеzelecabbageN gender — used in сарми
🥠
спанакspanakspinachM gender
🥐
чушкаchushkapepperF — red or green
🤧
патладжанpatladzhanaubergineM — in мусака
🥦
гъбиgabimushroomsPl — in гювеч
🥦
тикваtikvacourgette / pumpkinF — summer staple

Fruit — плодове

🍎
ябълкаyabalkaappleF gender
🍌
крушаkrushapearF gender
🍊
портокалportokalorangeM gender
🍋
лимонlimonlemonM — for drinks
🍇
гроздеgrozdegrapesN — for wine too
🍑
прасковаpraskovapeachF — summer fruit
🍒
черешаchereshacherryF gender
🍉
диняdinyawatermelonF — summer staple
🍓
ягодаyagodastrawberryF gender
🍍
сливаslivaplumF — used for ракия
🎤 All vegetables and fruit — play all

Section 2

Meat, dairy & staples

Supermarket and butcher vocabulary — with individual audio on every word.

Meat — месо

🥩
месоmesomeat (general)N gender
🦅
пилешкоpileshkochicken meatN — most popular
🐄
телешкоteleshkobeefN gender
🐷
свинскоsvinskoporkN gender
🐟
агнешкоagneshkolambN — Easter favourite
🐟
рибаribafishF gender
🦔
наденицаnadenitsasausageF gender
🥗
каймаkaymaminced meatF — in кебапче

Dairy & eggs — млечни продукти

🥛
млякоmlyakomilkN — staple
🧀
сиренеsirenewhite brined cheeseN — the national cheese
🧀
кашкавалkashkavalyellow cheeseM gender
🥛
маслоmaslobutterN — also means oil
🥛
кисело млякоkiselo mlyakoBulgarian yoghurtN — a daily staple
🥖
яйцаyaytsaeggsN plural
🥛
извараizvaracottage cheese / quarkF gender
🥛
заквасена сметанаzakvasena smetanasour creamF gender

Staples — основни продукти

🍞
хлябhlyabbreadM — devoiced final B
🍳
оризorizriceM gender
🍣
пастаpastapastaF gender
🧊
захарzaharsugarF gender
🧊
солsolsaltF gender
🥒
олиоoliosunflower oilN gender
🥑
оцетotsetvinegarM gender
🧆
брашноbrashnoflourN gender
🎤 Meat, dairy and staples — play all

💡 Сирене vs кашкавал — the two essential cheeses

Сирене is white, brined and crumbly — similar to feta but distinctly Bulgarian, made from sheep or cow milk. It goes on everything: salads, баница, grilled dishes, toast. Кашкавал is yellow and semi-hard — the Bulgarian equivalent of Gouda or cheddar, used for grilling and sandwiches. When a menu says "с кашкавал" (with кашкавал), it means a melted yellow cheese topping.

💡 Кисело мляко — not just yoghurt

Bulgarian yoghurt is made using a specific bacterial culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus) that was discovered in Bulgaria and named after the country. It is thicker, tangier and more nutritious than most Western yoghurts. It appears at breakfast, as a soup base (таратор), as a sauce (with кебапче), and drunk as a cold drink mixed with water — called айран.

Section 3

Drinks — напитки

What to order, what to ask for — every drink with individual audio.

💧
водаvodawater
💧
минерална водаmineralna vodamineral water
кафеkafecoffee
еспресоespresoespresso
капучиноkapuchinocappuccino
🍵
чайchaytea
🆕
сокsokjuice
🆕
портокалов сокportokalov sokorange juice
🍺
бираbirabeer
🍷
виноvinowine
🍷
червено виноcherveno vinored wine
🍷
бяло виноbyalo vinowhite wine
🍷
розеrozerosé wine
🥂
ракияrakiyaBulgarian brandy
🥛
айранayranyoghurt drink
🆕
лимонадаlimonadalemonade
🎤 Drinks — play all

🥂 Ракия — the national spirit

Ракия is a fruit brandy distilled from plums (сливова ракия), grapes (гроздова ракия) or other fruits. It is the national drink — offered at celebrations, business meetings, and family gatherings. Always drunk at room temperature, never cold. The correct toast is Наздраве! (To health!). Refusing a host's ракия is considered impolite — a small sip is the social minimum.

Section 4

Classic Bulgarian dishes

Ten dishes you will see on every menu — with what is in them and how to order each one.

These dishes define Bulgarian cuisine. If you can name them, describe them briefly, and order them correctly, you will impress every Bulgarian you meet.

🏪
баницаbanitsa
Breakfast filo pastryFilo pastry layered with eggs and сирене, baked until golden. The national breakfast — eaten hot from the bakery every morning.
🥦
шопска салатаshopska salata
The national saladTomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, onion — topped with freshly grated сирене. Named after the Shopi people of the Sofia region.
🍲
тараторtarator
Cold cucumber soupCold soup of yoghurt, cucumber, garlic, dill and walnuts. Served in summer — refreshing and intensely flavoured.
🍲
боб чорбаbob chorba
Bean soupThe everyday Bulgarian soup — white beans simmered with onion, pepper, tomato and herbs. Found in every home and restaurant.
🥩
кебапчеkebapche
Grilled minced meat rollSeasoned minced pork or pork-beef mix formed into a cylinder and grilled. Served with chips, сирене and a side salad.
🥩
кюфтеkyufte
Grilled meat pattySame mixture as кебапче but shaped into a flattened patty. Described as a Bulgarian burger without the bun.
🥕
мусакаmusaka
Potato bakeLayers of minced meat and sliced potato baked with a yoghurt-egg topping. Different from Greek moussaka — no aubergine, no bechamel.
🥦
сармиsarmi
Stuffed leavesCabbage or vine leaves filled with rice and minced meat, simmered in tomato sauce. A celebration and Christmas dish.
🍳
гювечgyuvech
Clay pot stewMixed vegetables and meat slow-baked in a clay pot (гювеч). Richer in summer when courgette, pepper and tomato are at their best.
🍞
мекицаmekitsa
Fried doughDeep-fried dough served with сирене and honey, or jam. Traditional Bulgarian breakfast — heavier than баница.
🎤 All Bulgarian dishes — play all

Section 5

Ordering phrases & restaurant language

Every phrase you need from sitting down to paying the bill.

Restaurants in Bulgaria are very accommodating to learners — staff are delighted when a foreigner tries Bulgarian. These phrases will take you through an entire restaurant visit.

Arriving and ordering

Маса за двама, моля.Masa za dvama, molya.A table for two, please.
Менюто, моля.Menyuto, molya.The menu, please.
Готови ли сте да поръчатеGotovi li ste da poruchateAre you ready to order?
Ще взема...Shte vzema...I will have... (standard ordering phrase)
Бих желал/а...Bih zhelal/a...I would like... (more formal)
Какво препоръчватеKakvo preporachvateWhat do you recommend?
Какво е в ястиетоKakvo e v yastiyetoWhat is in the dish?
Без месо, моля.Bez meso, molya.Without meat, please.
Алергичен/а съм към...Alergichen/a sam kam...I am allergic to...

During the meal and paying

Приятен апетит!Priyaten apetit!Enjoy your meal!
Наздраве!Nazdrave!Cheers! / To health!
Много е вкусно.Mnogo e vkusno.It is very tasty.
Може ли още хлябMozhe li oshte hlyabCould we have more bread?
Сметката, моля.Smetkata, molya.The bill, please.
Заедно или разделноZaedno ili razdelnoTogether or separate?
Вземете ресто.Vzemete resto.Keep the change.
Имате ли вегетарианско менюImate li vegetariansko menyuDo you have a vegetarian menu?

Section 6

Real-world scenarios — five complete conversations

Every line with individual audio. Read aloud first, then press play to check.

🍽 At the restaurant — ordering dinner

Поръчка в ресторант

Гост
Добър вечер! Имате ли маса за двамаDobar vecher Imate li masa za dvamaGood evening! Do you have a table for two?
Сервитьор
Разбира се. Заповядайте — ето вашата маса. Менюто.Razbira se. Zapovyadayte — eto vashata masa. Menyuto.Of course. Please — here is your table. The menu.
Гост
Благодаря. Какво препоръчвате днесBlagodarya. Kakvo preporachvate dnesThank you. What do you recommend today?
Сервитьор
Шопската салата е много свежа, a кебапчетата са прясно направени.Shopskata salata e mnogo svezha, a kebapcheta sa pryasno napraveni.The shopska salad is very fresh, and the kebapche are freshly made.
Гост
Ще взема шопска салата и кебапче с гарнитура. И едно бяло вино.Shte vzema shopska salata i kebapche s garnitura. I edno byalo vino.I will have the shopska salad and a kebapche with a side dish. And a white wine.
Сервитьор
Каква гарнитура желаете — пържени картофи или оризKakva garnitura zhelaete — parzeni kartofi ili orizWhat side would you like — chips or rice?
Гост
Пържени картофи, моля. Благодаря.Parzeni kartofi, molya. Blagodarya.Chips please. Thank you.
Сервитьор
Приятен апетит!Priyaten apetit!Enjoy your meal!

🥦 At the market — buying produce

На пазара

Купувач
Добро утро! Колко струват тези доматиDobro utro Kolko struvat tezi domatiGood morning! How much are these tomatoes?
Продавач
Добро утро. Два евро за килограм. Много са сладки — прясно от нивата.Dobro utro. Dva evro za kilogram. Mnogo sa sladki — pryasno ot nivata.Good morning. Two euros a kilo. Very sweet — fresh from the field.
Купувач
Дайте ми един килограм домати и половин килограм краставици.Dayte mi edin kilogram domati i polovin kilogram krastavitsi.Give me a kilo of tomatoes and half a kilo of cucumbers.
Продавач
Заповядайте. Искате ли и чушки? Днес са много свежи.Zapovyadayte. Iskate li i chushki Dnes sa mnogo svezhi.Here you are. Would you like peppers too? They are very fresh today.
Купувач
Да, дайте ми и половин килограм червени чушки. Колко е всичкоDa, dayte mi i polovin kilogram cherveni chushki. Kolko e vsichkoYes, give me half a kilo of red peppers too. How much is everything?
Продавач
Четири евро и петдесет цента общо.Chetiri evro i petdesset tsenta obshto.Four euros fifty in total.
Купувач
Ето пет евро. Много благодаря.Eto pet evro. Mnogo blagodarya.Here is five euros. Thank you very much.
Продавач
Заповядайте ресто — петдесет цента. Приятен ден!Zapovyadayte resto — petdesset tsenta. Priyaten den!Here is your change — fifty cents. Have a nice day!

☕ At the coffee shop — morning order

В кафенето

Барман
Добро утро! Какво ще обичатеDobro utro Kakvo shte obichateGood morning! What would you like?
Клиент
Едно еспресо и едно капучино, моля. И две баници.Edno espreso i edno kapuchino, molya. I dve banitsi.One espresso and one cappuccino, please. And two баница pastries.
Барман
Студено или топло капучиноStudeno ili toplo kapuchinoCold or hot cappuccino?
Клиент
Топло, моля. И малко мляко за кафето.Toplo, molya. I malko mlyako za kafeto.Hot please. And a little milk for the coffee.
Барман
Заповядайте. Баниците са пресни — тъкмо излязоха от фурната.Zapovyadayte. Banitsite sa presni — takmo ilyazoha ot furnata.Here you are. The banitsa are fresh — just out of the oven.
Клиент
Много е вкусно! Колко дължимMnogo e vkusno Kolko dalzhimVery tasty! How much do we owe?
Барман
Шест евро и двадесет цента.Shest evro i dvadesset tsenta.Six euros and twenty cents.

🥦 Ordering as a vegetarian

Вегетарианско меню

Гост
Имате ли вегетарианско меню, моляImate li vegetariansko menyu, molyaDo you have a vegetarian menu, please?
Сервитьор
Да, имаме. Шопска салата, таратор, гювеч без месо и омлет.Da, imame. Shopska salata, tarator, gyuvech bez meso i omlet.Yes, we do. Shopska salad, tarator, vegetable gyuvech and omelette.
Гост
Гювечът без месо — какво има в негоGyuvechat bez meso — kakvo ima v negoThe vegetable gyuvech — what is in it?
Сервитьор
Тиква, домати, чушки, патладжан, лук и чесън. Изпечен в глинена тенджера.Tikva, domati, chushki, patladzhan, luk i chesun. Izpechen v glinena tendzera.Courgette, tomatoes, peppers, aubergine, onion and garlic. Baked in a clay pot.
Гост
Звучи добре. Ще взема таратор и гювеч без месо. Студена вода, моля.Zvuchi dobre. Shte vzema tarator i gyuvech bez meso. Studena voda, molya.Sounds good. I will have the tarator and the vegetable gyuvech. Cold water please.
Сервитьор
Алергични ли сте към нещо? Ястията съдържат млечни продукти.Alergichni li ste kam neshto Yastiyata sadardzhat mlechni produkti.Are you allergic to anything? The dishes contain dairy products.
Гост
Не, млечните продукти са добре. Благодаря, че попитахте.Ne, mlechnite produkti sa dobre. Blagodarya, che popitahte.No, dairy is fine. Thank you for asking.

🍾 Family celebration — toasts and paying

Семейно тържество

Дядо
Наздраве! За здравето на цялото семейство!Nazdrave Za zdraveto na tsyaloto semeystvoCheers! To the health of the whole family!
Всички
Наздраве! Всичко хубаво и много щастие!Nazdrave Vsichko hubavo i mnogo shtastieCheers! All the best and much happiness!
Домакин
Ракията е домашна — от нашите сливи. Пийте малко.Rakiyata e domashna — ot nashite slivi. Piyte malko.The rakiya is home-made — from our plums. Have a little.
Гост
Много е вкусна. Какво е в мусаката — вкусът е страхотен.Mnogo e vkusna. Kakvo e v musakata — vkusat e strahoten.It is very good. What is in the moussaka — the taste is amazing.
Домакин
Телешко с картофи и кисело мляко отгоре. Рецептата е от баба ми.Teleshko s kartofi i kiselo mlyako otgore. Retseptata e ot baba mi.Beef with potatoes and yoghurt on top. The recipe is from my grandmother.
Гост
Сметката, моля — ние плащаме всичко днес.Smetkata, molya — nie plashame vsichko dnes.The bill please — we are paying for everything today.
Домакин
Не, не — вие сте гости. Следващия път вие плащате.Ne, ne — vie ste gosti. Sledvashtiya pat vie plashate.No no — you are guests. Next time you pay.

Section 7

Writing task

✏️ Writing task — Day 16

  1. Write a shopping list in Bulgarian for: bread, milk, cheese (white), tomatoes, apples, chicken, rice, water, butter, eggs.
  2. Describe шопска салата in Bulgarian using at least three ingredient words from today.
  3. Translate: "I would like the bean soup and a glass of red wine, please. How much is everything?"
  4. What is the difference between сирене and кашкавал? Write one sentence in Bulgarian using each.
  5. Write a short 4-line ordering dialogue — you arrive at a restaurant and order a dish and a drink.
Show answers

1. хляб, мляко, сирене, домати, ябълки, пилешко, ориз, вода, масло, яйца

2. Free answer — model: Шопската салата има домати, краставици, чушки, лук и настъргано сирене отгоре.

3. Ще взема боб чорба и чаша червено вино, моля. Колко е всичко?

4. Сирене = white brined (feta-style). Кашкавал = yellow semi-hard. Model: Шопската салата е с настъргано сирене. Кашкавалът е чудесен на скара.

5. Free answer — model: — Менюто, моля. — Ще взема кебапче и бира. — Каква гарнитура? — Пържени картофи, моля.

💡 Tip: Write your shopping list from memory first, then check. Writing by hand in Cyrillic embeds vocabulary far faster than just reading the words.
☕ Enjoying the course? It is completely free. If it is helping you, a coffee keeps the server running.
☕ Buy me a coffee
✏️

Day 16 Quiz

20 questions · score 14+ to mark day complete

Question 1 of 20

What is "сирене"?

AYellow cheese
BButter
CWhite brined cheese
DYoghurt

Question 2 of 20

Which dish is a cold cucumber and yoghurt soup?

Aбоб чорба
Bтаратор
Cгювеч
Dмусака

Question 3 of 20

"Chicken (meat)" in Bulgarian:

Aтелешко
Bсвинско
Cпилешко
Dмесо

Question 4 of 20

"Grapes" in Bulgarian:

Aябълка
Bпраскова
Cгрозде
Dкруша

Question 5 of 20

What is шопска салата topped with?

AGrated кашкавал
BGrated сирене
CКисело мляко
DМасло

Question 6 of 20

"Enjoy your meal!" in Bulgarian:

AЗаповядайте!
BПриятен апетит!
CНаздраве!
DБлагодаря!

Question 7 of 20

"Side dish" in Bulgarian:

Aменюто
Bгарнитура
Cпорция
Dдобавка

Question 8 of 20

What is ракия?

ABulgarian beer
BA yoghurt drink
CBulgarian fruit brandy
DA type of wine

Question 9 of 20

What is баница?

AFilo pastry filled with cheese and eggs
BFried dough with honey
CA cold soup
DStuffed cabbage leaves

Question 10 of 20

"The bill, please" in Bulgarian:

AМенюто, моля.
BЗаповядайте.
CРазделно, моля.
DСметката, моля.

Question 11 of 20

кисело мляко literally means:

Afresh milk
Bsour milk
Csweet milk
Dcold milk

Question 12 of 20

How do you say "I will have..." when ordering?

AИскам да взема...
BИмам...
CЩе взема...
DВземам...

Question 13 of 20

"Without meat, please" in Bulgarian:

AБез месо, моля.
BНе месо, моля.
CНямам месо.
DБез мляко, моля.

Question 14 of 20

What is мусака in Bulgaria — how does it differ from the Greek version?

AIt uses aubergine instead of potato
BIt uses lamb instead of pork
CIt is a soup, not a bake
DIt uses potato and yoghurt topping, no aubergine or bechamel

Question 15 of 20

Which fruit is used to make сливова ракия?

Aгрозде
Bслива
Cябълка
Dпраскова

Question 16 of 20

In the market scenario, what did the buyer purchase in addition to tomatoes and cucumbers?

AGarlic and onion
BApples and pears
CRed peppers
DCourgettes

Question 17 of 20

"Cheers!" in Bulgarian:

AНаздраве!
BПриятен апетит!
CБлагодаря!
DЗаповядайте!

Question 18 of 20

What does гювеч refer to?

AA grilled meat roll
BA cold summer soup
CStuffed cabbage leaves
DMixed vegetable stew baked in a clay pot

Question 19 of 20

"What do you recommend?" in Bulgarian:

AКакво искате
BКакво препоръчвате
CКакво е в менюто
DКакво поръчвате

Question 20 of 20

айран is:

AA type of ракия
BA hot yoghurt soup
CA cold drink of yoghurt mixed with water
DSparkling mineral water
0/20

Day 16 Recap

Review before Day 17. Every point builds on the last.

TopicKey wordsExampleEnglish
Vegetablesдомат · краставица · картоф · лук · чушка · патладжанШопската салата е с домати и краставици.Shopska salad has tomatoes and cucumbers.
Fruitябълка · круша · грозде · слива · диня · ягодаГроздето е за ракия.The grapes are for rakiya.
Meat & dairyпилешко · телешко · сирене · кашкавал · кисело млякоСиренето е бяло, кашкавалът е жълт.Сирене is white, кашкавал is yellow.
Drinksвода · кафе · бира · вино · ракия · айранРакията е домашна.The rakiya is home-made.
Dishesбаница · шопска · таратор · боб чорба · кебапче · мусакаЩе взема кебапче с гарнитура.I will have kebapche with a side.
OrderingЩе взема · Сметката, моля · Без месоСметката, моля. Вземете ресто.The bill please. Keep the change.
🌍 Food cultureFresh markets, affordable dining, ракия with every celebrationНаздраве!Cheers!
← Day 15: A1 Checkpoint Day 17: Restaurant →